In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called En Route to Defect-Free Polythiophene Derivatives by Direct Heteroarylation Polymerization, published in 2015-08-25, which mentions a compound: 172418-32-5, mainly applied to heteroarylation polymerization polythiophene palladium catalyst ligand additive, COA of Formula: C46H46O4P2Pd2.
We report the synthesis of well-defined poly(3,3”’-didodecyl-2,2′:5′,2”:5”,2”’-quaterthiophene) (PQT12) from a direct heteroarylation polymerization (DHAP) of 5-bromo-3,3”’-didodecyl-2,2′:5′,2”:5”,2”’-quaterthiophene (monomer A) and 5-bromo-3′,4”-didodecyl-2,2′:5′,2”:5”,2”’-quaterthiophene (monomer B). Experiments with different catalysts, ligands, additives, and solvents have revealed that the utilization of Herrmann-Beller catalyst and P(o-NMe2Ph)3 can lead to selective thiophene-thiophene couplings. In this regard, solid-state optical and thermal measurements were particularly useful to detect the presence of β-branching and indicate that minor mol. defects can induce important changes within the supramol. organization. We also highlight the fact that steric protection around unsubstituted β-positions of α-bromothiophene units is needed to obtain a good selectivity of the cross-couplings at the α-positions. This can be achieved by the presence of a substituent at an adjacent β-position or the utilization of a bulky acidic additive (i.e., neodecanoic acid) in the catalytic system. These synthetic procedures applied to both monomers have led to PQT12 samples showing essentially the same optical and thermal properties and are comparable to those observed with their analogs prepared from chem. oxidation or Stille coupling.
There are many compounds similar to this compound(172418-32-5)COA of Formula: C46H46O4P2Pd2. if you want to know more, you can check out my other articles. I hope it will help you，maybe you’ll find some useful information.
Reference:
Phosphine ligand,
Chiral phosphine ligands in asymmetric synthesis. Molecular structure and absolute configuration of (1,5-cyclooctadiene)-(2S,3S)-2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)butanerhodium(I) perchlorate tetrahydrofuran solvate