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Cu Photoredox Catalysts Supported by a 4,6-Disubstituted 2,2?-Bipyridine Ligand: Application in Chlorotrifluoromethylation of Alkenes

Interest in base metal catalysis motivates the development of Cu-based photoredox catalysts for organic synthesis. However, only a few Cu catalysts have been applied in photoredox reactions, the majority of which contain one or two 1,10-phenanthroline ligands. Here we design a 4,6-disubstituted 2,2?-bipyridine ligand for Cu. Two heteroleptic [Cu(N^N)(P^P)][PF6] complexes, where N^N stands for the 2,2?-bipyridine ligand and P^P stands for a bisphosphine ligand, have been synthesized and characterized. They exhibit longer excited state lifetimes and higher Cu(I)/Cu(II) potentials compared to the most widely used Cu catalyst, [Cu(dap)2]Cl. The complex with Xantphos as the P^P ligand is an efficient catalyst for chlorotrifluoromethylation of terminal alkenes, especially styrenes, which had been challenging substrates for previously reported photoredox reactions. This chlorotrifluoromethylation method enables the convenient introduction of a trifluoromethyl group into organic molecules under mild conditions, which is important for medicinal chemistry.

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Phosphine ligand,
Chiral phosphine ligands in asymmetric synthesis. Molecular structure and absolute configuration of (1,5-cyclooctadiene)-(2S,3S)-2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)butanerhodium(I) perchlorate tetrahydrofuran solvate